Notes
1 Gerald W. Williams, “John B. Waldo and William Gladstone Steel: Forest Reserve Advocates for the Cascade Range in Oregon,” pp. 314-332 in Harold K. Steen (ed.) , The Origins of the National Forests (Durham, NC: Forest History Society, 1992).
2 Specifics are in Gerald W. Williams, “The USDA Forest Service in the Pacific Northwest: Major Political and Social Controversies between 1891-1945,” paper at annual meeting of Pacific Northwest Historians Guild, Seattle, March 1985. This can be seen graphically in Alfred Runte, Public Lands, Public Heritage: The National Forest Idea (Niwot, CO: Roberts Rinehart, 19911, pp. 56-57.
3 Craig W. Allin, “Four Theses on the History of Federal Wilderness Management: From Aldo Leopold to the Wilderness Act–And Beyond,” pp. 82-87 in David W. Lime (ed.), Managing America’s Enduring Wilderness Resource (St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1990) .
4 For examples in southern Oregon see Steve Mark, “Thinking Like a Park,” Wilderness Journal 1: 1 (September 19891, pp. 8-11.
5 Charles F. Wilkinson and H. Michael Anderson, Land and Resource Planning in the National Forests (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1987), pp. 316-317; John D. Scott, We Climb High: A Thumbnail Chronology of the Mazamas, 1894-1964 (Portland: The Mazamas, 1969), pp. 31-37.
6 The Mazamas, however, took the lead in organizing the Federation of Western Outdoor Clubs to advance the cause of recreation. It did not become a potent body in the political arena until the much larger Sierra Club joined in the 1940s; Scott, We Climb High, p. 39.
7 Paul W . Hirt, A Conspiracy of Optimism: Management of the National Forests Since World War 11 (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 19941, pp. 162-165.
8 Dennis M . Roth, The Wilderness Movement and the National Forests (College Station, TX: Intaglio Press, 1988), p. 5 .
9 Wilkinson and Anderson, Land and Resource Planning, pp. 343-344.
10 Gerald W. Williams, “The Creation of Wilderness in the Pacific Northwest: The Controversy Expands,I1 paper presented at the meeting of the Rural Sociological Society, Madison, WI, August 1987, pp. 9-14.
11 Christopher Manes, Green Rage: Radical Environmentalism and the Unmaking of Civilization (Boston: Little Brown, 1990), p. 88.
12 Grabner, Wilderness As Sacred Space. Monograph No. 8. (Washington, DC: Association of American Geographers, 19761, pp. 92-93.
13 lbid., pp. 93-94.
14 Kathie Durbin, “Restoring the Marsh,” Cascadia Times 2 :4 (August 19961, pp. 7-15.
