C. Monitoring Options:
1) Collect sediment cores to determine historical and contemporary sedimentation rates; measure turbidity, bedload, flow and discharge rates, water-level [A, B, D, F, H, I];
2) Measure water temperature, dissolved oxygen level, and nutrient and chlorophyll-? concentration [A, B, E, F, I, J, L];
3) Quantify the presence and composition of aquatic biota, and use rapid bioassessment methods to identify and quantify impact [A, B, D, E, H, I, L];
4) Quantify the presence and concentrations of heavy metals and other contaminants (e.g., herbicides, pesticides, dioxin, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite) in water and /or tissue samples [C, G, I, J, K];
5) Analyze water samples for hydrocarbons and other motor vehicle derived contaminants [A, B, N];
6) Quantify the presence and concentrations of bacterial indicators of fecal contamination, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium in water samples [E, O];
7) Quantify the abundances of light-adapted biota in caves [K];
8) Measure groundwater depth and quantity [J];
9) Map and photo-archive beach, shoreline, bank and channel profiles and monitor for disturbance (e.g., trampling, soil compaction, rutting, erosion, devegetation) [D, N, O];
10) Measure ice-levels and the quantity and availability of water in caves [L];
11) Measure the presence and amount of litter and garbage at or near resource sites [M].
4. Presence and extent of native/introduced (invasive) aquatic biota: A. Monitoring question: What impact do introduced/invasive non-native aquatic biota have on the distributions and survival of native aquatic biota, and on the biotic community and ecosystem dynamics of Klamath Network park unit aquatic resources?
B. Indicators of stress:
1) Change in the (a) distributions, (b) abundances, (c) percent area occupied (PAO), and (d) community organization and structure of native and nonnative introduced/invasive biota of concern
C. Monitoring Options:
1) Quantify trends of native and introduced (invasive) aquatic biota including: (a) distributions, (b) abundances, (c) PAO, (d) community organization and structure, and (e) rates of recruitment and mortality;
2) Quantify the condition and quality of the habitats occupied by native biota of concern.
5. Visitor use impacts – recreational including (a) tour-related impacts, (b) hiking, backpacking and camping, (c) stock (horse) and mountain bicycle use, (d) swimming, sun-bathing, and picnicking, (e) recreational fishing, and (f) motorized boats and boat-related activities:
A. Monitoring question: How do the recreational activities of visitors affect Klamath Network park unit aquatic resources, and how do these activities impact resource condition, quality, and ecosystem dynamics?
