B. Indicators of stress:
1) Change in shoreline/bank erosion and concomitant change in nearshore sedimentation rates and siltation;
2) Change in shoreline/ bank soil compaction, trampling, and de-vegetation;
3) Change in the distributions and composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates;
4) Presence of and/or change in the concentrations of bacterial indicators of fecal contamination;
5) Presence of and/or change in the amounts of litter and inorganic/organic contaminants.
C. Monitoring Options:
1) Quantify shoreline/bank condition and measure, map, and photo-archive indicators of erosion and impact (e.g., (a) sedimentation/ siltation; (b) soil compaction; (c) de-vegetation);
2) Collect sediment cores to document historical and contemporary sedimentation rates;
3) Measure water clarity and turbidity;
4) Quantify macroinvertebrate species presence and composition in all aquatic habitats;
5) Measure chlorophyll-? concentration in phytoplankton and periphyton samples (as a proxy for primary productivity);
6) Determine in water samples the presence and concentrations of bacterial indicators of fecal contamination;
7) Quantify the presence and amount of litter, as well as inorganic/organic contaminants in caves, and monitor for change.
6. Atmospheric deposition of nutrients (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus) and pollutants (e.g., mercury, persistent organics, flame retardants, water-repellent coatings, etc.):
A. Monitoring question: How does the atmospheric deposition of nutrients and other contaminants affect the water quality and ecosystem dynamics of Klamath Network park unit aquatic resources?
B. Indicators of stress:
1) Presence of and/or change in the concentrations of air-borne nutrients and pollutants;
2) Change in primary productivity;
3) Change in the presence and composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates, especially species negatively affected by air-borne pollutants.
C. Monitoring Options:
1) Wet/dry chemistry: (a) rain and snow precipitation samples; (b) snow core samples;
2) Analyze water samples for nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations;
3) Analyze tissue samples (highest trophic-level possible) for the presence and concentrations of pollutants of interest;
4) Determine the concentration of chlorophyll-? in phytoplankton and periphyton samples (as a proxy for primary productivity);
5) Determine the presence and composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates, and use rapid bioassessment methods to identify and quantify impact.
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