Investigator’s Annual Reports (IAR’s) for Crater Lake National Park
Studies of hydrothermal processes in Crater Lake, Oregon
Report Number: 12709
Reporting Year: 1991
Permit Number: CRLA1991AADR
Current Status: Checked in
Date Received: Jan 01, 1998
Principal Investigator: Jack Dymond, Oregon State University, College of Oceanography, Corvallis, OR
Park-assigned Study Id. # CRLA1991AADR
Permit Expiration Date: Jan 01, 1998
Permit Start Date: Jan 01, 1998
Study Starting Date: Jan 01, 1987
Study Ending Date: Jan 01, 1991
Study Status: Completed
Activity Type: Other
Subject/Discipline: Other
Objectives: To evaluate possible hydrothermal sources to Crater Lake. The research, which is part of a 10-year Limnological Study of Crater Lake, is designed to: (1) define the thermal and chemical variability in the deep lake, (2) examine the data for evidence of a hydrothermal source, (3) design and carry out a program that would find possible venting sites and sample any associated fluids, and (4) evaluate alternative mechanisms to explain the observed thermal and chemical variability.
Findings and Status: Measurements of temperature and salt content within the South Basin of Crater lake show surprising variations over distances of a few meters. These thermal and salinity gradients can only be maintained by a continuing input of anomalous fluids.;Communities of bacteria, which produce impressive mat features on rock outcrops and sediment surfaces, mark sites of deep water venting. The mats have internal temperatures which are more than 15 degrees higher than lake bottom water. These communities apparently use the abundant reduced iron in the advecting fluids to fuel their metabolism. Although there were no visble indications of fluid flow through or from the mats, fluid advection is necessary to provide the continous input of reduced chemical species which is required for the survival of these prolific bacterial communities. The temperature gradients within the mats indicate that the advection rates are as high as 100 meters per year. Consequently, the bacterial mats are visual markers of thermally and chemically enriched fluid venting.;Pools of saline water, with major element contents that are approximately ten times greater than background lake values, have been discovered in two widely separated areas of the lake. Sediment pore water compositions from some South Basin cores are similar to those of the pools. The pore water measurements define non-linear gradients which indicate vertical fluid advection rates of up to two meters/year. These measurements as well as the major element compositions suggest that the fluids advecting through the sediments, the brine pools and the bacterial mats are derived from a similar source. Results from chemical geothermometry determinations suggest that this source equilibrated with silicate rocks at temperatures ranging from 40 to 165 degrees celsius.;In conclusion, as a result of the past three years of field studies and our interpretation of these and other data from the literature, we conclude that there are inputs of hydrothermal fluids into the bottom of Crater Lake. The dissolved materials associated with these thermally and chemically enriched fluids, coupled with the overall hydrolic balance, control the observed chemical composition of the lake. Because the hydrothermal input dominates the flux of most dissolved chemicals into Crater Lake, the hydrothermal process is highly significant. Furthermore, the geothermal inputs have a direct effect on the density structure of the deep lake, and therefore can profoundly affect the rate of heat transport and redistribution of dissolved salts and nutrients within the body of the lake.
For this study, were one or more specimens collected and removed from the park but not destroyed during analyses? No
Funding provided this reporting year by NPS: 48116
Funding provided this reporting year by other sources: 0
Full name of college or university: n/a
Annual funding provided by NPS to university or college this reporting year: 0
Other pages in this section
- Index – Principal Investigators
- Index – Research Projects By Year
- 12685 – Botrychium pumicola Annual Inventory
- 12686 – Dutton Ridge Air Visibility Monitoring
- 12687 – Spotted Owl Inventory, Crater Lake National Park
- 12688 – Departure Analysis
- 12689 – Magma Chamber Evolution of Cascade Volcanoes
- 12690 – Plant materials for Crater Lake National Park Revegetation Project
- 12691 – Volcanic evolution of the Crater Lake Region
- 12692 – Tree Section Collection
- 12693 – Fire Monitoring Plots
- 12694 – RAWS Installation
- 12695 – Origin of the Magma Chamber Under Mount Mazama
- 12696 – Trail impact monitoring
- 12697 – North American Truffling Society Foray
- 12698 – Establishment and Defense of the Cascade Range Forest Reserve
- 12699 – Fine Particulate Monitoring
- 12700 – Volcanic Breccias: Evaluation of Fragment and Deposit Origins
- 12701 – Developing a Resource Database for Crater Lake
- 12702 – U.S. Geological Survey-Hydrologic Benchmark Station
- 12703 – Visibility Monitoring
- 12704 – Treespade Transplanting Trails
- 12705 – A survey of the aquatic macroinvertebrates
- 12706 – Ecology of kokanee salmon and rainbow trout
- 12707 – Limnological Studies of Crater Lake
- 12708 – Particle fluxes in Crater lake and their relationship to nutrient cycling
- 12710 – Effects of Climate on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Crater Lake
- 12711- Collection of Representative Rocks from Crater Lake
- 12712 – Research Spotted Owl Distribution
- 12713 – What Price Expansion? Dams Versus the National Park Concept
- 12714 – Administrative History of John Day Fossil Beds National Monument
- 12715 – Plant Materials for Crater Lake National Park Revegetation Project
- 12716 – Volcanic Breccias: Evaluation
- 12717 – Reserved Water Rights Claim Preparation for the Klamath Basin Adjudication
- 12718 – Fine Particulate Monitoring. NPS Contract Number CX0001-8-0017
- 12719 – A Proposed Gas-Volcanic Solution To the Crater Lake, Oregon Collapse Structure
- 12720 – Volcanic Evolution of the Crater Lake Region
- 12721 – Bull Trout Restoration in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon
- 12722 – Ecology of Kokanee Salmon and Rainbow Trout
- 12723 – Fungi Inventory of Crater Lake National Park
- 12724 – Hydrologic Studies
- 12725 – Limnological Studies of Crater Lake
- 12726 – Crater Lake National Park 10-year Limnological Studies Final Report
- 12727 – A Population Survey for the Rare Sedge Carex Whitneyi at Crater Lake National Park
- 12728 – National Benchmark Station
- 12729 – PSD Increment Tracking
- 12730 – Prescribed Fire
- 12731 – Fire Monitoring Plots
- 12732 – Hazardous Fuel Pile and Burn
- 12733 – Preparation for Klamath River Basin Adjudication
- 12734 – Volcanic Evolution of the Crater Lake Region
- 12735 – Fine Particulate Monitoring
- 12736 – Plant Materials for Crater Lake National Park Revegetation Project
- 12737 – Ecology of Kokanee Salmon and Rainbow Trout in Crater Lake, Oregon
- 12738 – Bull Trout Restoration in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon
- 12739 – Amphibian Survey in Crater Lake National Park
- 12740 – Longterm Limnological Monitoring
- 12741 – A population survey for the rare sedge Carex whitneyi at Crater Lake National Park
- 12742 – National Benchmark Station, Collection of Basic Records
- 12743 – PSD Increment tracking
- 12744 – Prescribed Fire
- 12745 – Fire Monitoring Plots
- 12746 – Hazardous Fuel Pile and Burn
- 12747 – Preparation for Klamath River Basin Adjudication
- 12748 – Volcanic Evolution of the Crater Lake Region
- 12749 – Fine Particulate Monitoring. NPS Contract Number CX0001-8-0017
- 12750 – Plant Materials for Crater Lake National Park Revegetation Project
- 12751 – Ecology of Kokanee Salmon and Rainbow Trout in Crater Lake, Oregon
- 12752 – Bull Trout Restoration in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon
- 12753 – Amphibian Survey in Crater Lake National Park
- 12754 – Longterm Limnological Monitoring
- 12755 – Conservation Biology of the Mt. Mazama Collomia
- 12756 – Checklist of Plants of Crater Lake National Park
- 12757 – Spotted Owl Inventory
- 12758 – Crater Lake National Park Vegetation Mapping
- 12759 – Fire Monitoring Plots
- 12760 – Hazardous Fuel Pile and Burn
- 12761 – Prescribed Fire
- 12762 – Volcanic Evolution of the Crater Lake Region
- 12763 – Spotted Owl Inventory
- 12764 – Conservation Biology of the Mt. Mazama Collomia
- 12765 – Amphibian Survey in Crater Lake National Park
- 12766 – Bull Trout Restoration in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon
- 12767 – Ecology of Kokanee Salmon and Rainbow Trout in Crater Lake, Oregon
- 12768 – Fine Particulate Monitoring. NPS Contract Number CX0001-8-0017
- 12769 – Crater Lake National Park Vegetation Mapping
- 12770 – PSD Increment tracking
- 12771 – Plant Materials for Crater Lake National Park Revegetation Project
- 12772 – Longterm Limnological Monitoring
- 12773 – Botrychium pumicola Annual Inventory
- 12774 – National Benchmark Station, Collection of Basic Records
- 12775 – A population survey for the rare sedge Carex whitneyi at Crater Lake National Park
- 12776 – Checklist of Plants of Crater Lake National Park
- 12777 – Fire Monitoring Plots
- 12778 – Hazardous Fuel Pile and Burn
- 12779 – Management Ignited Fire
- 12780 – Volcanic Evolution of the Crater Lake Region
- 12781 – Restoration Strategies for Collomia mazama-Phase II
- 12782 – Conservation Biology of the Mt. Mazama Collomia
- 12783 – Bull Trout Restoration in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon
- 12784 – Ecology of Kokanee Salmon and Rainbow Trout in Crater Lake, Oregon
- 12785 – Fine Particulate Monitoring. NPS Contract Number CX0001-8-0017
- 12786 – Crater Lake National Park Vegetation Mapping
- 12787 – Survey of the hydra (coelenterata) in Crater Lake
- 12788 – Climate Change and Lower Food Web Structure in Lake Ecosystems
- 12789 – PSD Increment tracking
- 12790 – Federal Highway Admin HQ-Rim Revegetation Project
- 12791- Revegetation Lodge Landscape
- 12792 – Ecology of Pumice Desert
- 12793 – Longterm Limnological Monitoring
- 12794 – Crater Lake Tributaries Flow Assessment
- 12795 – Northern Spotted Owl Inventory
- 12796 – Botrychium pumicola Monitoring Project at Llao Rock (5th year)
- 12797 – Preparation for Klamath River Basin Adjudication
- 12798 – National Benchmark Station, Collection of Basic Records
- 12799 – Hydrothermal Convection in Cascade Volcanoes-Magma Migration in Cascade Volcanoes
- 12800 – Phylogenetics and Speciation in a Daphnia pulex Species Complex
- 12801 – Restoration strategies for Collomia mazama – phase II
- 12802 – The use of camera bait stations to detect fisher and wolverine in Crater Lake National Park
- 12803 – Fire Monitoring Plots
- 12804 – Ecology of Kokanee Salmon and Rainbow Trout in Crater Lake, Oregon
- 12785 – Fine Particulate Monitoring. NPS Contract Number CX0001-8-0017
- 12786 – Crater Lake National Park Vegetation Mapping
- 12787 – Survey of the hydra (coelenterata) in Crater Lake
- 12788 – Climate Change and Lower Food Web Structure in Lake Ecosystems
- 12789 – PSD Increment tracking
- 12790 – Federal Highway Admin HQ-Rim Revegetation Project
- 12791 – Revegetation Lodge Landscape
- 12792 – Ecology of Pumice Desert
- 12793 – Longterm Limnological Monitoring
- 12794 – Crater Lake Tributaries Flow Assessment
- 12795 – Northern Spotted Owl Inventory
- 12796 – Botrychium pumicola Monitoring Project at Llao Rock (5th year)
- 12797 – Preparation for Klamath River Basin Adjudication
- 12798 – National Benchmark Station, Collection of Basic Records
- 12799 – Hydrothermal Convection in Cascade Volcanoes-Magma Migration in Cascade Volcanoes
- 12800 – Phylogenetics and Speciation in a Daphnia pulex Species Complex
- 12801 – Restoration strategies for Collomia mazama – phase II
- 12802 – The use of camera bait stations to detect fisher and wolverine in Crater Lake National Park
- 12803 – Fire Monitoring Plots
- 12804 – Hazardous Fuel Pile and Burn
- 12805 – Management Ignited Fire
- 12806 – Volcanic Evolution of the Crater Lake Region
- 12807 – Restoration Strategies for Collomia mazama-Phase II
- 12808 – Ecology of Asarum species
- 12809 – Physical Characteristics of the Cleetwood Air-fall Tephra
- 12810 – Conservation Biology of the Mt. Mazama Collomia
- 12811 – Bull Trout Restoration in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon
- 12812 – Ecology of Kokanee Salmon and Rainbow Trout in Crater Lake, Oregon
- 12813 – Fine Particulate Monitoring. NPS Contract Number CX0001-8-0017
- 12814 – Crater Lake National Park Vegetation Mapping
- 12815 – Survey of the hydra (coelenterata) in Crater Lake
- 12816 – Climate Change and Lower Food Web Structure in Lake Ecosystems
- 12817 – Federal Highway Admin HQ-Rim Revegetation Project
- 12818 – Revegetation Lodge Landscape
- 12819 – Potential for hybridization and gene flow in an isolated population of Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae)
- 12820 – Nutrient study of Crater Lake
- 12821 – Ecology of Pumice Desert
- 12822 – Survey of Freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) in Crater Lake National Park
- 12823 – 1997 EMAP Oregon Pilot Survey
- 12824 – Longterm Limnological Monitoring
- 12825 – Crater Lake Tributaries Flow Assessment
- 12826 – Archeological Excavation of Bear Creek Cave
- 12827 – Survey Fort Klamath-Union Creek military wagon road within boundaries of Park
- 12828 – Botrychium pumicola Monitoring Project at Llao Rock (5th year)
- 12829 – Preparation for Klamath River Basin Adjudication
- 12830 – National Benchmark Station, Collection of Basic Records
- 12831 – Northern Spotted Owl Inventory
- 12832 – Scenic Images of Crater Lake National Park: A Focus Group Analysis
- 12833 – Hydrothermal Convection in Cascade Volcanoes-Magma Migration in Cascade Volcanoes
- 12834 – Phylogenetics and Speciation in a Daphnia pulex Species Complex
- 12835 – Hybridization in an isolated population: an example from Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae)
- 12836 – FIA/FHM Inventory of eastern Oregon’s timberlands
- 12837 – Educational Research for Elementary School Science
- 12838 – Trace element partitioning coefficients for feldspar in high-silica rhyolite
- 12839 – Volcanic Evolution of the Crater Lake Region
- 12840 – Restoration Strategies for Collomia mazama-Phase II
- 12841 – Inventory of Native Bumblebees of Crater Lake
- 12842 – Source constraints for growth of continental arcs based on Re-Os isotope fractionation
- 12843 – Bull Trout Restoration in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon
- 12844 – Inventory of Native Bumblebees of Crater Lake
- 12845 – Magma migration and Hydrothermal Convection in High Cascade volcanoes
- 12846 – Volcanic Evolution of the Crater Lake Region
- 12847 – Stable Isotopic Study of Sulfur Degassing during the Eruption of Mt. Mazama
- 12848 – Examination of the factors promoting hybridization between Penstemon davidsonii and P. rupicola
- 12849 – Soil Survey of Crater Lake National Park
- 12850 – Multi-spectral Thermal Imager (MTI)
- 20572 – Calibration of the (U-Th)/He geochronometer by analysis of the Mt. Mazama ash flow
- 20805 – USEPA’s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)
- 21365 – Conduit processes of the Cleetwood eruption, inferred from textural, petrologic, and water content analyses
- 21726 – Forestry inventory and Analysis
- 21728 – Seasonal effects of prescribed fire at Crater lake
- 22081 – Transport of Asiatic Aerosols into Crater Lake National Park
- 22333 – Assessment of Sensitive Amphibians in Southwest Oregon (State – Federal Partnership)
- 23891 – The Generation of Post-Caldera Rhyodacite in Crater Lake, Oregon
- 24578 – Ecology of the Pumice Desert
- 24750 – Inventory of Amphibians and Reptiles Klamath Parks Network Inventory and Monitoring Program
- 24831 – Forestry inventory and Analysis
- 24892 – Territorial Interactions Between Species of Corvids
- 25031 – Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation Experiment (ITCT)
- 25854 – Fire History of Whitebark Pine Forests Crater Lake, Mount Rainier, and North Cascades National Parks
- 26142 – Effects of Prescribed Burning on Mycorrhizal Fungi in Crater Lake National Park
- 27032 – Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation Experiment (ITCT)
- 27732 – Small Mammal Inventories in Klamath Network
- 28174 – The role of western dwarf mistletoe in fire susceptibility and behavior in mature ponderosa pine stands
- 28176 – The role of western dwarf mistletoe in fire susceptibility and behavior in mature ponderosa pine stands
- 28845 – Forestry inventory and Analysis
- 28949 – Seasonal Effects of Prescribed Fire on Ponderosa Pine
- 29581 – Soil Characterization for 2006 International Soil Science Society
- 29629 – REVSYS: A Holistic Approach to a Holarctic Group
- 29969 – Effects of Prescribed Burning on Mycorrhizal Fungi in Crater Lake National Park
- 30792 – Distribution and abundance of bat species in Crater Lake and others
- 31048 – Crater Lake NP Winter Wolverine Survey 2004 – 2005
- 32052 – Bryophyte Survey and Inventory in the Crater Lake Caldera
- 32134 – The role of western dwarf mistletoe in fire susceptibility and behavior in mature ponderosa pine stands
- 32344 – Patterns and consequences of insect herbivory in Lupinus lepidus at Crater Lake National Park
- 32739 – Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation Experiment (ITCT)
- 33788 – Spatial, Temporal and Depth Distribution of Snow Properties in the Crater Lake Snowpack
- 34486 – Forest Inventory and Analysis
- 35198 – Crater Lake NP Winter Wolverine Survey 2004 – 2005
- 35203 – Fire History of Whitebark Pine Forests Crater Lake, Mount Rainier, and North Cascades National Parks
- 35760 – Distribution and relative abundance of bat species in Crater Lake National Park and others
- 35832 – Western Airborne Contaminants Assessment Project
- 35873 – 2005 Crater Lake NP Rangeland Ecological Site Description Data Collection
- 35944 – The Evolution of Reproductive Isolation in Mimulus
- 36142 – Evolution of color patterns in garter snakes
*** previous title *** --- *** next title ***
